Democracy (Greek δημοκρατία — «people’s authority» from δñμος — «the people» and κράτος — «authority, power») – is a political system where the people are only legitimate source of authority.

In accordance with Article 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan «The people shall be the only source of state power. The people shall exercise power directly through an all ... Читать дальше »

The processes of globalization of law and development of modern computer sciences and information technologies bring new aspects to the development of modern democracy and re-raise the question of direct power by the people.

In the second millennium came the idea of transformation of a representative democracy based on the electronic voting that is a direct vote. In the West it was called e-democracy and e-democracy, as well as a computer or «telematics» (connection of a computer, television and telephone) democracy. It turns ou ... Читать дальше »

I am asked by the Faculty of Law, of L.M Gumilyev to provide a brief summary of my forthcoming monograph on direct democracy. In this study, I compared legal and political issues of contemporary direct democracy in the following polities:Switzerland,Italy,American States,France,Denmark,Ireland, theUKandTurkey.

Devices of direct democracy are the constitutional instruments where public votes on a certain issue. They may be largely divided into referendums and popular initiatives. 

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Should anyone attempt a brief characterization of the present-day environment problems, he would find it beyond the competence of an individual scientist. For the environmental situation has long become a subject of separate and joint research efforts of biologists, chemists, and biochemists who have to combine their knowledge with the information supplied by students of geology, psychology and philosophy hurriedly joining in. Yet, if stated briefly, one of the causes of the present day environmental situation should be sought in the lack of a balanced development of particular fields of knowledge, and of an adequate picture of the intricately operating whole which is our planet.